Organism Antimicrobial Tetracycline Ofloxacin Penicillin G Cefaperazone Erythromycin ASAP 

S. pyogenes 0.625/>5 1.25/2.5 >5.0 0.313/1.25 0.003/0.019 2.5/5.0
S. mutans 0.625/>5 2.5/>5.0 0.521/>5 1.25/>5 0.009/0.019 2.5/10.0
S.gordonii 0.156/0/625 2.5/5.0 0.009/0.039 1.25/1.25 00.005/0.019 2.5/10.0
S. pneumoniae 0.078/0.625 2.5/2.5 0.019/0.019 0.313/0.313 0.002/0.004 2.5/2.5
S. faecalis 0.313/>5 1.25/5.0 5.0/>5.0 >5.0 0.009/1.25 10.0/10.0
S. aureus 0.313/>5 0.417/
0.625 2.5/>5.0 5.0/5.0 0.039/>5.0 5.0/5.0
©2005 Matrice Technology Limited Materials Research Innovations 9-4: 1433-075X
Materials Research Innovations Online
597
P. aeruginosa 0.78/5 0.156/
0.313 0.13/>5.0 2.5/5.0 2.5/>5.0 1.67/5
E. coli 1.67/>5 0.104/
0.156 >5.0 0.625/>5.0 5.0/>5.0 2.5/2.5
E. aerogenes >5 0.078/
0.156 >5.0 2.92/>50 >5.0 2.5/2.5
E. cloacae 1.67/>5 0.156/
0.156 >5.0 >5.0 >5.0 2.5/5.0
S. tiphimurium 1.25/>5 0.078/
0.156 >5.0 1.25/2.5 5.0/>5.0 2.5/5.0
S. arizona 0.625/>5 0.078/
0.078 >5.0 0.833/>5.0 4.17/>5.0 2.5/5.0
S. boycli 1.25/>5 0.078/
0.156 >5.0 0.625/0.625 5.0/>5.0 1.25/1.25
K. pneumoniae 2.5/>5 0.417/
0.625 >5.0 >5.0 >5.0 2.5/2.5
K. oxytoca 1.25/>5 0.104/
0.156 >5.0 1.25/>5.0 >5.0 1.25/1.25


Proposed mechanisms such as structural effects on the water can be seen as a bridge to the
homeopathic regime. Ricci, in the standard text on the Phase Rule puts it thus: Another non-
uniformity possible in a homogeneous phase of an isolated equilibrium system free of the
forces of gravitational and other such fields seems to be that of surface energy, if the phase is
a subdivided one. The subdivided phase in a 2-phase colloidal system, for example, may not
have the same surface development in all its pieces. But if there is such a thing as a
reproducibly stable colloidal system, with an equilibrium state which is a function of T, P, and
composition alone, independent of time and of the relative amounts of the phases, then this
non-uniformity must be a regular one, following some statistical distribution fixed solely by
these variables. If the colloidal system, then, is stable and in reversible equilibrium, the
distribution of its surface energy must be assumed to be either uniform or a reproducible
function of the stated variables [16]. 

c. Other methods of affecting structure. The role of succussing8: pressure generation and nano-bubble entrapment 

Pressure, after temperature, is of course the most important of the intensive thermodynamic
variables in deciding what structure will form under new environments. Pressure is well
known to have profound effects on crystalline H2O. Some 13 different crystalline H2O
structures are known in a modest P-T region. We have shown as reported above, that while it
is largely unknown among even materials scientists, it is fully established that all common
glasses (frozen liquids) change structure (and their density and refractive index properties)
continuously with pressure, and they can be retained in their new states rather easily.9 There is
no doubt that under the “normal” succussing procedures, very respectable pressures (say in
the 10 kbar range) can be generated on the different size water droplets which result from the
shaking. Reasoning from analogy with such similar liquids, there will, no doubt, be many
different structures of water formed both by the pressures generated in succussing and in some
combination with the epitaxy on any additives.

The process of agitating a liquid by rapping its container on a hard but elastic object thus
causing high pressures and nanobubbles. 

Scratching any glass surface with a ruby or diamond in a ring produces a substantial change in density in the
glass particles produced. 

Finally, the “succussing” process itself must by its very nature produce a complete range of
sizes of bubbles in the liquid. The size distribution of the bubbles will certainly include some
nanobubbles – i.e. nanosize phase heterogeneities of mainly O2, N2, CO2, plus possibly
alcohol, the active ingredients, etc. Some of these bubble sizes will no doubt be well within
the colloid range and therefore a water + gaseous and liquid colloidal inclusion would be
formed, and it could be quite stable for very long periods. To the best of our knowledge this
phenomenon – the creation of nanobubbles of air and their retention as “stable” colloids – has
never been commented on, in either its influence on the structure of water or in the debate
over the plausibility of homeopathy’s claims of effectiveness.

There is no question of the plausibility of pressure induced changes during succusion. Such
changes are well known in solid H2O, and Kawamoto has shown at least one phase boundary
in liquid water at modest pressures [22]. Likewise the plausibility of nanobubble formation is
obvious. The question is whether they can survive. Objections based on the simple-minded
calculations of high internal pressures of nanobubbles obscure their built in assumptions.
Exactly the same objection was raised against the obvious stability and persistence at room
temperature of several percent of H2, O2, N2, etc. dissolved in SiO2, B2O3, etc. glasses at
modest pressures and temperatures which also “could not exist” using the same argument (See
Faile and D. Roy [58]). The fact is they do. However, the work of Tyrrell and Attard at
Australian National University has proved beyond any doubt that nanobubbles do exist and do
persist [59]. (See Fig. 15 for a SEM photo showing the unevenly shaped nanobubbles) 

Fig. 15. Irregular nanobubbles shown as modified from paper by JWG Tyrrell and P. Attard [59].

These claims are further supported by extensive work in the Russian Academy of Sciences
Institute for Physical Chemistry on what they term “bubstons” (bubbles stabilized by ions)
under Prof. O. Vinogradova in the laboratory created by B.V. Derjaguin (See G.E. Yakubov et
al. who discuss the formation of these “stable microcavities” [60, 61]).

d. The influence of magnetic and electric fields, and human “intentions” (subtle energies) 

In addition to those major important variables which can determine the structure of water, are
the roles of electric and magnetic fields. This becomes even more interesting as the role of the
molecular organization around electrons is highlighted (see October 2004 Science papers [2,
41, 42]). While the E or H fields contribute relatively little to the Gibbs free energy stability of
most materials,10 they become profoundly important when these effects can be “locked into” a
material as, for example, ordered domains in a magnetic ferrite, or in the domain structure of
ferroelectric transducers. All modern electronics depends on memories which utilize such
materials. A considerable body of work now demonstrates the effects of magnetic fields on
aqueous solutions. The effect of magnetic fields on the formation of scale in boilers has been
established in an overwhelming mass of data (for a list of references, see Duncan [62]). In the
laboratory, the influence of modest d.c. magnetic fields on the nucleation and growth of
CaCO3 (phases, sizes, morphology) in dilute aqueous solutions have been thoroughly studied
and demonstrated by Higashitani et al, and Pach et al [63, 64]. The former demonstrates a
strong memory effect in the constituent solutions exposed to the H-field. Tiller et al. have
shown the remarkable effect of a static magnetic field on the pH of water in a conditioned
space (Fig. 16) [65] .

There has been very little study of the effects of magnetic fields on the structure of common
crystalline solids. Since 2002, Roy et al. have demonstrated in a series of papers, wholly
unexpected and dramatic effects of weak magnetic fields (< 0.5 gauss) at GHz frequencies
[66—68]. These fields literally destroy the crystalline structure of even refractory solid
oxides (melting points of near 1500 C°), such as Si, and classic insulators such as TiO2, all in
a few seconds. These most remarkable structural effects had not, and could never have been,
predicted by any theory in solid state physics. Reports, from Roy et al. include interesting
biological effects of such high frequency magnetic fields [66—69]. Hence the reports of the
effects of milli-gauss magnetic fields on “imprinting” water and aqueous solutions as reported
by K. Mohri et al. are not surprising [70]. 

Fig. 16 The change in the structure of water caused by the subtle energies, as illustrated by the work of Tiller,
Dibble and Kohane showing the change of pH of water only in space “conditioned” by subtle energies, caused
by a static magnetic field with a specific N/S orientation [65]. 

They are not even mentioned in the standard textbook on the thermodynamics of the Phase Rule [16]!!
These data on the effects of such weak magnetic fields are an appropriate backdrop to the fact
that Tiller’s conditioned water can have its pH changed by one unit by a modest static
magnetic field (see Fig. 15). This suggests that “intention implantation”, or more generally
“subtle energies”, can also change the properties, and hence the structure of water. Even more
direct evidence is found in the literature as reported by Liu Zuyin [71]. In Tsinghua
University in Beijing, Raman spectra were taken of distilled water before and after
implantation of “qi,” or intention, by Dr. Yan Xin, the best known of China’s Qigong
grandmasters, from a great distance (10’s to 1000’s of km.). Figure 17 reproduces the major
change in water structure as reflected in the Raman spectrum of before and after treated
specimens [71]. These are truly remarkable results indicating that the structure of water—the
major features easily measured by Raman spectra—is a very sensitive indicator of its physical
environment including especially the role of magnetic and subtle energy fields. The most
direct evidence, using infra-red spectroscopy (by E.G. Brame, an authority in that field) for
the change of the structure of water by the “subtle energy” of healers hands in the U.S., has
been presented by Schwartz et al. and Tiller [72, 73].


Fig. 17. The change in the structure of tap water shown in its Raman spectrum caused by the emission of qi
(subtle energy) by Dr. Yan Xin from a distance of 7 km. The main O-H stretch frequency is very strongly reduced
and the bending modes strongly enhanced (compare before and after Qi, left and right). The bottom left shows
the reversion in about 2 hours as it relaxes. The bottom right shows the sample to sample variation possible.

While such robust data are now appearing in the materials field, the effects of magnetic fields
long reported in various other health interventions become much more plausible [74—77].
Further, any nano-scale heterogeneities, like the clusters or bubbles, have different electric
and magnetic susceptibilities relative to the surrounding “bulk” water [78]. Thus, both
electric and magnetic dipoles are induced at these interfaces [79]. For non-uniform fields, the
nano-clusters and nano-voids will try to migrate towards the high-field regions of the bulk
water under the influence of dielectrophoresis and diamagnetophoresis forces [80—83].
Abundant experimental data exist to confirm many unusual effects associated with
electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and water. Surprisingly, when water is first degassed before
EMF exposure, many of these unusual effects are absent plausibly linking the effect to our
proposal of a probable “nanobubble” presence [84]. Direct electron microscope evidence also
exists for magnetic field alteration of the Helmholtz layer thickness at solid/water interfaces
[85, 86]. Most interestingly, Smith in his longterm study of coherence effects in water treated
as a macroscopic quantum system, reports on the significance of the interaction of the
magnetic vector potential with the chemical potential [44]. This interaction is relevant in the
context of this paper to the extent that it is another line of evidence showing the unsuspected
results of the complexity of the structure exists for magnetic field alteration of the Helmholtz layer thickness at solid/water interfaces [85, 86]. Most interestingly, Smith in his longterm study of coherence effects in water treated
as a macroscopic quantum system, reports on the significance of the interaction of the
magnetic vector potential with the chemical potential [44]. This interaction is relevant in the
context of this paper to the extent that it is another line of evidence showing the unsuspected
results of the complexity of the structure of water as we have defined the term.